Eye movements and reaction times during visual search

A. Sprenger, W. Heide, C. Moschner, D. Kömpf

Dept. of Neurology, Medical University at Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany (e-mail:sprenger_a@neuro.mu-luebeck.de)

Classical visual search experiments analyse the reaction times required to detect a target item among a number of distracters. Visual targets and distracters are shortly presented on a video display. The measured reaction times depend on feature differences between target and distracters and the number of presented elements. Our study is focused on the additional analysis of explorative saccadic eye movements during these visual search tasks and the modelling the scanpath: This has rarely been performed and should provide further insight in the global search strategies and in the corresponding higher level cognitive influences. In this study, young healthy volunteers participated in a number of single feature and conjunction search tasks with 0, 1, 4, or 8 targets among 40, 60, or 80 items. The features were "form" (circle, square, triangle) and "colour" (red, green, blue), presented by the Visual Stimulus Generator (VSG 2/4, Cambridge Research Systems) on a Sony 17' IIse monitor with a 100 Hz refresh rate. The objects were presented at 1.5 cd/m2 on a black background. Eye movements were recorded with a highly accurate CNC scleral search coil system at 500 Hz. Subjects were asked to indicate each recognised target by a click on the left mouse button and the termination of their search by a click on the right button. Beside reaction times we analysed duration and sequences of fixations in relation to global strategies and local features. Reaction time analysis demonstrated the prominent "pop-out" effect of colour in search tasks, also in peripheral vision. The feature "form" or conjunction search tasks induced more systematic scanning eye movements across the whole scene, but were associated with longer reaction times.